Variations in the rate of BA have been shown to be a reliable predictor of mortality, performing significantly better than CA. Hence, individuals of identical chronological age (CA), defined as years lived since birth, can have significant variations in their biological age (BA), the age indicative of the body’s rate of cellular decline or physiological breakdown. Members of the same species also vary in the rate of aging, which correlates with their susceptibility to disease, impairment, and death. The rate of aging varies among species as evidenced by variation up to 100-fold in lifespan among mammals. In conclusion, BA is increased in people with diabetes, irrespective of pathophysiology, and to a lesser extent in prediabetes.
#Chronological age test trial#
Mortality data using the ACCORD trial was used to validate our results and showed a significant correlation between higher BA and decreased survival. BMI had a positive correlation to BA in non-diabetes subjects but disappeared in those with diabetes. The biomarkers with the strongest correlation to increased BA in T2D using KDM were A1c ( R 2 = 0.23, p < 0.0001) and systolic blood pressure ( R 2 = 0.21, p < 0.0001). Results were corroborated using MLR and PhAge. BA of people with T2D was, on average, 12.02 years higher than people without diabetes ( p < 0.0001), while BA in T1D was 16.32 years higher ( p < 0.0001). The phenotypic age (PhAge) formula was used with its predetermined biomarkers. Eight clinical biomarkers that correlated with CA in people without diabetes were used to calculate BA using the Klemera and Doubal method 1 (KDM1) and multiple linear regression (MLR). Deidentified data was obtained from three cohorts of patients (20–80 years old)-T2D, type 1 diabetes (T1D), and prediabetes-and compared to gender- and age-matched non-diabetics.
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) associates with increased morbidity and mortality thus, we hypothesized that BA would be increased and calculated it from biomarkers collected at routine clinical visits.
If test results of a 40 year old come back with the same value as test results of an average 36 year old in the tested cohort, then we are saying that the biological age of that person is 36 years.Chronological age (CA) is determined by time of birth, whereas biological age (BA) is based on changes on a cellular level and strongly correlates with morbidity, mortality, and longevity. Test results of most people will fall where the majority of the test results for their age fall. Statistical analysys is used to establish a trend. Test result values of those biomarkers are recorded. DNA methylation or telomere length in samples of blood or saliva) in a large and diverse group of population. Many biomarkers decline roughly linearly with age with a slope of <1% per annum ( Jackson, 2003 ). In part, that mathematical modeling is based on the fact that a biomarker of aging typically closely correlates with chronological age, it changes as a person ages. To calculate someone's biological age, scientists use a combination of biomarkers and mathematical modeling ( Jia, 2017 ). chronologically.īiological age is a concept used to indicate how 'old' a person is compared to a population cohort and the average life expectancy in that population cohort ( Jackson, 2003 ).īiological age and biomarkers of aging are two concepts that are used together. When we are talking about biological age, we are talking about how young (or old) a person is biologically, functionally vs. Instead, the term ' biological age' was introduced over 50 years ago to predict susceptibility of a person to morbidities and mortality better than chronological age does. Many visual signs such as wrinkles or grey hair are not a reliable predictor of a person's state of health and of the expected life span and health span either. However, aging happens in different people at different rates, and therefore chronological age is not the best indicator of how long a person will live and whether and when that person will experience any old age disease. Increased chronological age is closely associated with the risk of death and old age disease.Ĭhronological age means exactly what it sounds like - how many years a person was born. It affects all cells, tissues, and organs in our bodies.
Aging is a complex process characterized by accumulation of damage, an increase in the vulnerability to disease, decline in the reproductive function, in physical and mental abilities.
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